Sejjil Missile First Test (2008)

In November 2008, Iran successfully test-fired the Sejjil (سجیل), its first two-stage solid-fuelled ballistic missile, marking a major milestone in the programme developed under Hassan Tehrani Moghaddam. Unlike earlier liquid-fuelled missiles, the Sejjil's solid propellant allowed for faster launch preparation and greater mobility, reducing vulnerability to pre-emptive strikes. The missile has an estimated range of approximately 2,000–2,500 km, placing Israel and much of the Middle East within reach. Development of the solid-fuel technology was assisted by expertise from North Korea. A second test was conducted in May 2009. The Sejjil programme significantly advanced Iran's deterrence posture and was among Moghaddam's most technically ambitious projects.