Kian

Kian (کیان) was the most influential intellectual magazine of the pre-Khatami reform era, founded in November 1991 by publisher Mostafa Rokh-Sefat with Mashallah Shamsolvaezin as editor. Its circle (halgheh-ye Kian) included Abdolkarim Soroush, Saeed Hajjarian, Akbar Ganji, and others who became the intellectual architects of the reform movement. Kian emerged when Khatami's 1992 resignation from the Culture Ministry forced Soroush's circle out of Kayhan-e Farhangi. Closed by judicial order in 1998.